Translation for 'µA' from Finnish to English

mikroampeeri {noun} <µA>

microampere <µA>elektr.yksikkö

• As an application example, the steady-state space-charge-limited current across a piece of intrinsic silicon with a charge-carrier mobility of 1500 cm2/V-s, a relative dielectric constant of 11.9, an area of 10−8 cm2 and a thickness of 10−4 cm can be calculated by an online calculator to be 126.4 μA at 3 V. Note that in order for this calculation to be accurate, one must assume all the points listed above.
• Accelerator systems for ion implantation are generally classified into medium current (ion beam currents between 10 μA and ~2 mA), high current (ion beam currents up to ~30 mA), high energy (ion energies above 200 keV and up to 10 MeV), and very high dose (efficient implant of dose greater than 1016 ions/cm2).
• The conductive filament may not be continuous, but a chain of electrodeposit islands or nanocrystals. This is likely to prevail at low programming currents (less than 1 μA) whereas higher programming current will lead to a mostly metallic conductor.
• Currents of only 10 µA can be sufficient to cause fibrillation in this case with a probability of 0.2%.
• Miniature indicator LEDs are normally driven from low voltage DC via a current-limiting resistor. Currents of 2 mA, 10 mA and 20 mA are common. Sub-mA indicators may be made by driving ultrabright LEDs at very low current. Efficiency tends to reduce at low currents, but indicators running on 100 μA are still practical.

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• Special adapters with voltage dropping Schottky or germanium diodes allow silver oxide batteries to be used in equipment designed for mercury batteries. Since the voltage drop is a non-linear function of the current flow, diodes do not produce a very accurate solution for applications where the current flow varies significantly. Currents drawn by old CdS light meters are typically in the 10 μA to 200 μA range (e.g. Minolta SR-T equipment series). Various kinds of active voltage regulation circuits using SMD transistors or integrated circuits have been devised, however, they are often difficult to integrate into the cramped battery compartment space. Replacements must operate with minimal voltage drop on the already very low voltage produced by a single battery cell, and the lack of a power switch on many traditional light meters and cameras makes an ultra-low power (ULP) or extreme-low power (XLP) design necessary. Many old devices also have their chassis connected to the battery's positive rather than its negative terminal - if this cannot be changed, the necessary negative voltage regulator design further reduces the choice of suitable electronic parts.
• The industry standard, analog output for linear encoders is sine and cosine quadrature signals. These are usually transmitted differentially so as to improve noise immunity. An early industry standard was 12 μA peak-peak current signals but more recently this has been replaced with 1V peak to peak voltage signals. Compared to digital transmission, the analog signals' lower bandwidth helps to minimise EMC emissions.
• Its 1.8 V typical CPU operating current at 32.768 kHz might be 22 μA (40 μA ÷ 3.3 V × 1.8 V), where power dissipation should be 40 μW. It corresponds to 1.0 mW/MIPS (40 μW ÷ 0.032768 MHz ÷ 1.15 DMIPS/MHz ÷ 1000).
• In FM receivers, the S meter circuit must be connected to the IF chain before any limiter stages. Some specialized integrated circuits for FM reception like CA3089 and CA3189 provide a DC signal to drive a 100 μA S meter.
• If the gate voltage is below the threshold voltage (left figure), the "enhancement-mode" transistor is turned off and ideally there is no current from the drain to the source of the transistor. In fact, there is a current even for gate biases below the threshold (subthreshold leakage) current, although it is small and varies exponentially with gate bias. Therefore, datasheets will specify threshold voltage according to a specified measurable amount of current (commonly 250 μA or 1 mA).

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• The collimated transmission method is a direct way of measuring the optical properties of materials. It is especially useful for sensing the optical properties of tissues to guide developments of both diagnostic and therapeutic techniques. These optical properties are described by the absorption coefficient μa, scattering coefficient μs, and anisotropy factor g.
• 025 µA. The resulted values were then used to get the weight percentages of the sample of mammothite.
• Where "nA" and "nB" are number of moles of the component A and B while μA and μB are their chemical potentials.
• In Active/Run mode, the EFM32 has a base current consumption of 114 µA/MHz while running real-time code with a clock speed of 32 MHz at 3V of power.
• With the discovery of more effective photocathode materials, which increased in both sensitivity and quantum efficiency, it became possible to achieve significant levels of gain over Generation 0 devices. In 1936, the S-11 cathode (cesium-antimony) was discovered by Gorlich, which provided sensitivity of approximately 80 μA/lm with a quantum efficiency of around 20%; this only included sensitivity in the visible region with a threshold wavelength of approximately 650 nm.

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• The RTE is a differential equation describing radiance [...]. It can be derived via conservation of energy. Briefly, the RTE states that a beam of light loses energy through divergence and extinction (including both absorption and scattering away from the beam) and gains energy from light sources in the medium and scattering directed towards the beam. Coherence, polarization and non-linearity are neglected. Optical properties such as refractive index [...] , absorption coefficient μa, scattering coefficient μs, and scattering anisotropy [...] are taken as time-invariant but may vary spatially. Scattering is assumed to be elastic.