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 ⇄Suchrichtung
 Übersetzung für 'Gpc³' von Englisch nach Deutsch
astron.unit
cubic gigaparsec <Gpc³>
Kubikgigaparsec {n} <Gpc³>
1 Übersetzung
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Übersetzung für 'Gpc³' von Englisch nach Deutsch

cubic gigaparsec <Gpc³>
Kubikgigaparsec {n} <Gpc³>astron.unit
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  • Kubikgigaparsec {n} <Gpc³> = cubic gigaparsec <Gpc³>
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Anwendungsbeispiele Englisch
  • Sulf2’s role in HCC contrasted with Sulf1. Sulf2 was upregulated in a majority of HCCs and HCC cell lines, and Sulf2 knockdown eliminated migration and proliferation. GPC3 is important in Sulf2-enhanced FGF signaling in vitro, so glypican-3 may mediate its own upregulation through Sulf2. Given that Sulf1 and Sulf2 have redundant functions, Sulf2 contrasting function in HCC was unexpected.
  • GPC3 mutations do not occur in the coding sequence of this protein. Ovarian cancer cell lines do not express GPC3 due to hypermethylation of the GPC3 promoter. After removing these methyl groups, the authors restored expression of GPC3. Mesothelioma cell lines contain a GPC3 promoter which is incorrectly methylated. Re-establishing expression of GPC3 prevented colony-forming by cancerous cells.
  • Glypican-3 (GPC3) interacts with both Wnt and Frizzled to form a complex and triggers downstream signaling. It has been experimentally established that Wnt recognizes a heparan sulfate motif on GPC3, which contains IdoA2S and GlcNS6S, and that the 3-O-sulfation in GlcNS6S3S enhances the binding of Wnt to the glypican.
  • Although not all causes of SGBS have been identified, one cause of SGBS type I is a mutation of the glypican-3 gene (GPC3) on the X chromosome locus q26.1. This particular gene is widely expressed, especially in tissues derived from the mesoderm during fetal development. The function of this gene is to produce a protein that acts as a cell surface receptor that binds to transcription factors. Binding of the transcription factors allows regulation of cellular responses to growth factors such as members of the hedgehog protein family. When large or small deletions and missense mutations occur along the GPC3 gene, GPC3 can no longer negatively regulate Hedgehog signaling during development, therefore increasing cell proliferation and the risk of developing cancer. Limb patterning and skeletal development may also go awry when GPC3 mutations inhibit regulations of responses to bone morphogenetic proteins, another type of growth factor.
  • Humans occasionally produce single domain antibodies by the random creation of a stop codon in the light chain. Human single-domain antibodies targeting various tumor antigens including mesothelin, GPC2 and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells for treating liver cancer. Blocking the Wnt binding domain on the protein core of GPC3 by the HN3 human single-domain antibody inhibits Wnt activation in liver cancer cells.

  • A431 cells are used in studies of the cell cycle and cancer-associated cell signalling pathways since they express abnormally high levels of the Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). They are often used as a positive control for EGFR expression. They contain no functional p53, a potent tumor suppressor gene, and are highly sensitive to mitogenic stimuli. In xenografts, A431 cells have shown antitumorigenic properties of introduced EGF and related radiation sensitization characteristics. Other "in vitro" studies have found EGF to also cause substantial lowering of DNA replication and protein synthesis. The A431 lines engineered to express tumor antigens such as mesothelin and GPC3 have been made as cell models to test cancer therapeutics.
  • In physical cosmology, volumes of cubic gigaparsecs [...] (Gpc3) are selected to determine the distribution of matter in the visible universe and to determine the number of galaxies and quasars. The Sun is currently the only star in its cubic parsec, [...] (pc3) but in globular clusters the stellar density could be from [...].
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